近日，法国巴黎文理研究大学Sonia Garel及其小组发现，小胶质细胞在胎儿大脑形态形成过程中维持结构完整性。相关论文于2024年2月2日在线发表在《细胞》杂志上。
研究人员发现了小胶质细胞（MG）在两个胎儿皮层边界维持结构完整性的作用。在这些向不同方向生长的结构之间的边界，胚胎MG聚集，显示出类似于出生后轴突迹相关小胶质细胞（ATM）的状态，并防止微空洞发展为大空洞病变，部分是通过涉及ATM因子Spp1的机制来实现的。
此外，MG和Spp1还有助于病变的快速修复，共同突出了保护胎儿大脑免受生理形态发生应激和损伤的功能。因此，这项研究强调了胚胎MG和Spp1在形态发生过程中维持结构完整性的关键作用，对人们了解MG功能和大脑发育具有重要意义。
据了解，MG是驻留在大脑中的巨噬细胞，通过多种细胞状态在健康和疾病中发挥重要作用。虽然胚胎期小胶质细胞在细胞分布和转录组状态方面表现出很大的异质性，但它们的功能仍然没有得到很好的描述。
附：英文原文
Title: Microglia maintain structural integrity during fetal brain morphogenesis
Author: Akindé René Lawrence, Alice Canzi, Cécile Bridlance, Nicolas Olivié, Claire Lansonneur, Clarissa Catale, Lara Pizzamiglio, Benoit Kloeckner, Aymeric Silvin, David A.D. Munro, Aurélien Fortoul, Davide Boido, Feriel Zehani, Hugues Cartonnet, Sarah Viguier, Guillaume Oller, Paola Squarzoni, Adrien Candat, Julie Helft, Cécile Allet, Francoise Watrin, Jean-Bernard Manent, Pierre Paoletti, Denis Thieffry, Laura Cantini, Clare Pridans, Josef Priller, Antoinette Gélot, Paolo Giacobini, Luisa Ciobanu, Florent Ginhoux, Morgane Sonia Thion, Ludmilla Lokmane, Sonia Garel
Issue&Volume: 2024-02-02
Abstract: Microglia (MG), the brain-resident macrophages, play major roles in health and disease via a diversity of cellular states. While embryonic MG display a large heterogeneity of cellular distribution and transcriptomic states, their functions remain poorly characterized. Here, we uncovered a role for MG in the maintenance of structural integrity at two fetal cortical boundaries. At these boundaries between structures that grow in distinct directions, embryonic MG accumulate, display a state resembling post-natal axon-tract-associated microglia (ATM) and prevent the progression of microcavities into large cavitary lesions, in part via a mechanism involving the ATM-factor Spp1. MG and Spp1 furthermore contribute to the rapid repair of lesions, collectively highlighting protective functions that preserve the fetal brain from physiological morphogenetic stress and injury. Our study thus highlights key major roles for embryonic MG and Spp1 in maintaining structural integrity during morphogenesis, with major implications for our understanding of MG functions and brain development.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.012
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(24)00044-8
来源：科学网 小柯机器人