美国密西西比州立大学Matthew J. Ballinger、Logan D. Moore研究团队的最新研究，首次发现了一个可感染成熟果蝇的类寄生蜂物种。相关论文于2024年9月11日发表在《自然》杂志上。
研究人员发现了一种能感染果蝇属果蝇成虫的寄生蜂，包括生物学中研究最深入的模式生物之一：黑腹果蝇。值得注意的是，这种寄生蜂可以很容易地从果蝇诱饵中收集到，而且在地理上分布广泛，遍布美国东部。研究记录了它的生活史和独特的寄主相互作用，包括产卵到进入成蝇体内和幼虫从成蝇体内的产生，并提供了从野生寄主果蝇中捕获寄生蜂的体外饲养方案。
该研究结果强调了对昆虫生物多样性和系统学进行持续研究的必要性。随着寄生蜂研究不断发现新的生物学特性，并支持对免疫、新陈代谢、生态学、进化和行为等基本机制的深入了解，研究人员预计这种寄生蜂与实验室模式生物黑腹果蝇的联系将为整个生命科学领域提供新的研究机会。
研究人员表示，寄生蜂的种类异常繁多，并且具有独特的适应能力，能够控制寄生宿主的生理和行为。从两个多世纪前首次在果蝇体内发现寄生的寄生蜂以来，已在果蝇中发现了近200种已知和暂定的寄生蜂。
这些寄生蜂包括内寄生蜂和外寄生蜂，以及攻击幼虫和寄主蛹等不同的种类。尽管寄生蜂的研究历史悠久，生物多样性显著，但以前从未报道过攻击果蝇寄主成虫阶段并在其体内发育的寄生蜂。
附：英文原文
Title: Drosophila are hosts to the first described parasitoid wasp of adult flies
Author: Moore, Logan D., Chris Amuwa, Toluwanimi, Shaw, Scott Richard, Ballinger, Matthew J.
Issue&Volume: 2024-09-11
Abstract: Parasitoid wasps are exceptionally diverse and use specialized adaptations capable of manipulating the physiology and behaviour of host organisms1. In more than two centuries since the first records of Drosophila-parasitizing wasps, nearly 200 described and provisional parasitoid species of drosophilids have been identified2. These include endoparasitoids and ectoparasitoids, as well as species attacking larval and pupal hosts3. Despite a deep history of research attention and remarkable biodiversity, a wasp species that attacks and develops inside the adult stage of a fly host has not been described previously. Here we report the discovery of a wasp species that infects the adult stage of fruit flies in the genus Drosophila, including one of the most deeply studied model organisms in biology, Drosophila melanogaster. Notably, this wasp can be easily collected from backyard fly baits and has a broad geographic distribution throughout the eastern USA. We document its life history and unique host interactions, including egg-laying into and larval emergence from adult flies, and provide protocols to raise wasps from wild-caught host flies. Our results emphasize the need for ongoing research investment in insect biodiversity and systematics. As parasitoid research continues to uncover unusual biology and supports fundamental mechanistic insights into immunity4, metabolism5, ecology6, evolution7,8,9 and behaviour10,11,12, we anticipate that this wasp’s association with the laboratory model organism, D.melanogaster, will provide new research opportunities across the life sciences.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07919-7
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07919-7
来源：科学网 小柯机器人