近日，比利时布鲁塞尔自由大学Shubhayan Sarkar团队报道了一个自我测试任何量子态或测量的通用方案。2026年3月3日，《自然—物理学》杂志发表了这一成果。
量子器件的出现引发了一个重要问题：如何在不对设备建立信任的情况下验证其量子特性？为了以设备无关的方式表征量子态和测量（允许存在一定自由度），人们可以利用一种称为自测试的技术。尽管已有方案提出可以对所有纯多体纠缠态（模掉复共轭）和实数局域投影测量进行自测试，但针对混合纠缠态、复合测量或非投影测量的认证工作却鲜有开展。
通过运用量子网络框架，研究组提出了一种能够自测试（模掉复共轭）任意极端测量（包括投影测量）的方案。这进而使其能够间接实现对任意量子态（包括混合态）和任意量子测量（包括非极端测量）的自测试。研究组考虑的量子网络是简单的星型网络，该网络可利用现有技术实现。为达成研究目的，他们还构建了一个新方案，可用于自测试任意多方共享的二维层析完备测量集合。
附：英文原文
Title: A universal scheme to self-test any quantum state or measurement
Author: Sarkar, Shubhayan, Orthey Jr, Alexandre C., Augusiak, Remigiusz
Issue&Volume: 2026-03-03
Abstract: The emergence of quantum devices has raised a significant issue: how to certify the quantum properties of a device without placing trust in it To characterize quantum states and measurements in a device-independent way, up to some degree of freedom, we can make use of a technique known as self-testing. Although schemes have been proposed to self-test all pure multipartite entangled states (up to complex conjugation) and real local projective measurements, little has been done to certify mixed entangled states, composite or non-projective measurements. By using the framework of quantum networks, we propose a scheme for self-testing (up to complex conjugation) arbitrary extremal measurements, including the projective ones. This then allows us to propose an indirect way to self-test any quantum state, including mixed ones, as well as any quantum measurement, including non-extremal ones. The quantum network considered here is the simple star network, which is implementable using current technologies. For our purposes, we also construct a scheme that can be used to self-test the two-dimensional tomographically complete set of measurements with an arbitrary number of parties.
DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03181-y