近日，加拿大圆周理论物理研究所Sizheng Ma团队报道了GW250114揭示了合并后黑洞视界的特征。这一研究成果发表在2026年6月24日出版的《自然》杂志上。
黑洞的视界，即“不归路之面”，由其转动频率ΩH和表面引力κ所表征。一个显著的特征是，任何下落物体因参考系拖曳效应而看似以ΩH绕转，同时由于其发出的信号因引力红移而以κ决定的速率呈指数衰减。近期理论工作预测，双黑洞并合产生的引力波会以“直达波”的形式携带并合残余体性质的直接印记。该引力波分量在接近2ΩH处振荡，反映了视界的参考系拖曳效应，并以κ表征的递增速率衰减，同时受到黑洞时空的额外屏蔽。
研究组报告了在GW2501142中探测到直达波的观测证据，其在LIGO汉福德（利文斯顿）探测器中以90%可信度的匹配滤波信噪比为15.8-0.5+0.1（17.1-0.4+0.1）。测量得到的性质与克尔黑洞的理论预测完全一致。这些发现建立了一条观测通道，可直接测量黑洞能层中的参考系拖曳效应，并探索动力学强引力区域中的（近）视界物理。
附：英文原文
Title: GW250114 reveals signatures of post-merger black-hole horizon
Author: Lu, Neil, Ma, Sizheng, Piccinni, Ornella J., Chen, Yanbei, Sun, Ling
Issue&Volume: 2026-06-24
Abstract: The horizon of a black hole, the ‘surface of no return’, is characterized by its rotation frequency ΩH and surface gravity κ. A striking signature is that any infalling object appears to orbit at ΩH owing to frame dragging, while its emitted signals decay exponentially at a rate set by κ as a consequence of gravitational redshift. Recent theoretical work1 predicts that gravitational waves from binary black-hole mergers carry direct imprints of the properties of the merger remnant in the form of a ‘direct wave’. This gravitational-wave component oscillates near 2ΩH, reflecting the horizon’s frame dragging, and decays at an increasing rate characterized by κ, with additional screening from the black hole’s spacetime. Here we report observational evidence of a direct wave in GW2501142, with a 90% credible matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio of 15.8+0.1-0.5(17.1+0.1-0.4) in the LIGO Hanford (Livingston) detector. The measured properties are in full agreement with theoretical predictions for a Kerr black hole. These findings establish an observational channel to directly measure frame-dragging effects in black-hole ergospheres and explore (near-)horizon physics in dynamical, strong-gravity regimes.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10696-0
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10696-0
期刊信息
Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html