近日，韩国科学技术院Dong-Yeun Koh团队报道了介孔聚丙烯腈膜对原油的分馏。这一研究成果于2026年6月24日发表在《自然》杂志上。
常压与减压蒸馏装置年耗电量超1100太瓦时，每年二氧化碳当量排放量逾 1.6 亿吨。因此，采用膜技术预分馏工艺成为降低炼油行业能耗与碳强度极具吸引力的改造方案。
近日，韩国科学技术院的研究证实，常规用作支撑层的多孔聚丙烯腈（PAN）膜可在稳态条件下实现原油高效分子级分馏。切向流工况下，该聚丙烯腈膜原油渗透通量最高可达0.591±0.040升/平方米·小时·巴，较现有基准体系（小于 0.1升/平方米·小时·巴）提升 23 倍以上，可选择性富集石脑油、煤油等轻质烃组分。该优异选择性源于重质烃类在初始孔径约15纳米的表面介孔内动态沉积，使孔道收缩至2纳米以下。
深度分辨化学表征证实正烷烃在孔道内选择性堆积，揭示了一种自限性孔道缩径机制，该机制可稳定选择性传质通道。当正烷烃沉积达到平衡后，原油选择性分馏可稳定连续运行4周。流程模拟结果表明，相较于传统常压蒸馏，聚丙烯腈膜预分馏工艺可实现能耗降低31.6%、冷却水消耗减少20.7%、二氧化碳排放削减 37.6%。
附：英文原文
Title: Crude oil fractionation by means of mesoporous polyacrylonitrile membranes
Author: Choi, Jihoon, Seo, Hyeokjun, Lee, Minyong, Shin, Woong-Chul, Choi, Jaemin, Choi, Keonwoo, Jang, Min-Jun, Im, Sung Gap, Lee, Jae W., Lively, Ryan P., Koh, Dong-Yeun
Issue&Volume: 2026-06-24
Abstract: Atmospheric and vacuum distillation consume more than 1,100TWhyear1 and emit more than 160 million metric tonnes of CO2 equivalent annually1,2, making membrane-based pre-fractionation a compelling retrofit strategy for lowering the energy and carbon intensity of petroleum refining3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. Here we demonstrate that porous polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes, typically used as support layers, achieve effective molecular refining of crude oil at steady state. Under tangential flow, PAN membranes exhibited high crude oil permeances of up to 0.591±0.040lm2h1bar1, a more than 23-fold increase over the previous benchmark (<0.1lm2h1bar1)1,11, selectively yielding enriched lighter hydrocarbon fractions such as naphtha and kerosene. This unexpected selectivity arises from the dynamic deposition of heavy hydrocarbons within the initially approximately 15-nm surface mesopores, which narrows the pore diameter to sub-2-nm dimensions. Depth-resolved chemical identification reveals selective accumulation of n-alkanes, suggesting a self-limiting pore constriction mechanism that stabilizes selective transport pathways. Once the n-alkane deposition is stabilized, selective enrichment of raw crude oils occurs with sustained stability over 4weeks. Process simulations show that PAN-membrane-based pre-fractionation could reduce energy by 31.6%, cooling water by 20.7% and CO2 emissions by 37.6% compared with traditional atmospheric distillation.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10677-3
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10677-3
期刊信息
Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html